Peran Jaksa dalam Mutual Legal Assistant dalam Pengembalian Korban Human Trafficking di Kamboja

Setiawan Ramadhani; Anisa Listiani Nurrohman; Hibnu Nugroho; Nanda Yoga Rohmana

Authors

Setiawan Ramadhani Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Anisa Listiani Nurrohman Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Hibnu Nugroho Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Nanda Yoga Rohmana Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Keywords:

jaksa, mutual legal assistance, perdagangan orang

Abstract

The surge in online scam-based human trafficking cases in Cambodia affecting hundreds of Indonesian citizens calls for more efficient cross-border legal action. The urgency of this paper lies in analyzing the obstacles to coordination among prosecutors, such as differences in legal systems, complex bureaucracy, and limited access in foreign jurisdictions. Using a normative method with a case approach, this article evaluates the role of prosecutors in the Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) mechanism to facilitate the repatriation and restitution of victims. The results show that the Attorney General's Office Bill strengthens the function of dominus litis and the executive authority of prosecutors in asset tracing and confiscation for victim compensation. In conclusion, strengthening the role of prosecutors as the central authority in MLA, supported by proactive legal diplomacy and digital technology, is crucial to overcoming structural barriers in Cambodia. This integration ensures that the restoration of victims' rights is carried out comprehensively in accordance with international standards.
The surge in online scam-based human trafficking cases in Cambodia affecting hundreds of Indonesian citizens calls for more efficient cross-border legal action. The urgency of this paper lies in analyzing the obstacles to coordination among prosecutors, such as differences in legal systems, complex bureaucracy, and limited access in foreign jurisdictions. Using a normative method with a case approach, this article evaluates the role of prosecutors in the Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) mechanism to facilitate the repatriation and restitution of victims. The results show that the Attorney General's Office Bill strengthens the function of dominus litis and the executive authority of prosecutors in asset tracing and confiscation for victim compensation. In conclusion, strengthening the role of prosecutors as the central authority in MLA, supported by proactive legal diplomacy and digital technology, is crucial to overcoming structural barriers in Cambodia. This integration ensures that the restoration of victims' rights is carried out comprehensively in accordance with international standards.

References

“2024 Trafficking in Persons Report: Cambodia,” n.d. https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/cambodia/.

Afifah, Farikhatul, and Ahmad Mahyani. “Restitusi Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.” JHP17 (Jurnal Hasil Penelitian) 6, no. 2 (February 2022): 71–82. https://doi.org/10.30996/jhp17.v6i2.6235.

Daud, Brian Septiadi, and Eko Sopoyono. “PENERAPAN SANKSI PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU PERDAGANGAN MANUSIA (HUMAN TRAFFICKING) DI INDONESIA.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 2019. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v1i3.352-365.

Deyana, Gledys, Matius Evan Anggara, and Lulu Yulianti. “Implementation of Indonesia’s Mutual Legal Assistance Policy Regarding Asset Recovery of Corruption Crimes.” 4th International Conference on Law Studies (INCOLS) 1, no. 1 (2020): 79–93. https://conference.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/icols/article/view/1490.

Fajar, Rahim Muh. Ibnu, and Rudi Pradisetia Sudirdja. “Konstitusionalitas Kejaksaan Sebagai Central Authority Dalam Urusan Extradition Dan Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters.” Proceedings Series on Social Sciences & Humanities 23 (2025): 54–69. https://conferenceproceedings.ump.ac.id/pssh/article/view/1549.

Fauveaud, Gabriel. “Violence and the Making of Land Subalternity in Sihanoukville, Cambodia,” 2023, 1–21.

Indonesia, Kedutaan Besar dan Konsulat AS di Indonesia. “2025 Laporan Perdagangan Manusia - Kedutaan Besar Dan Konsulat AS Di Indonesia.” https://id.usembassy.gov/id/, 2025.

Irfani, Faisal. “Pengakuan WNI Yang Melarikan Diri Dari Perusahaan Scam Di Kamboja - BBC News Indonesia.” BBC News Indonesia, n.d.

Ismanto Ismanto, Suprapto Suprapto, and Nurunnisa Nurunnisa. “Optimizing the Function of Prosecutorial Intelligence in Law Enforcement.” International Journal of Sociology and Law 2, no. 2 (May 2025): 137–42. https://doi.org/10.62951/ijsl.v2i2.787.

Jinaratana, Andika, Yofi Permatasari, and Jean Claudia. “Mutual Legal Assistance International Agreement in Eradicating Transnational Crime.” Asian Journal of Social and Humanities 1, no. 08 (May 2023): 343–50. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v1i08.39.

Junaidi, Edi, and Achmad Edi Subiyanto. “Perampasan Aset Koruptor Di Negara Non-Diplomatik Menurut Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities 9, no. 1 (January 2026): 230–41. https://doi.org/10.24815/riwayat.v9i1.87.

Karisma, Romadhoni Nova, and Fahmi Fairuzzaman. “Human Trafficking Crimes in Cambodia and Indonesia : A Comparison of Legal Frameworks and Victim Protection Efforts.” BIS Humanities and Social Science 3 (2025): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31603/bishss.395.

Kesuma, Derry Angling. “Penerapan Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) Dan Perjanjian Ekstradisi Sebgai Upaya Indonesia Tekait Pengembalian Aset Hasil Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Lex LATA 3, no. 1 (April 2022). https://doi.org/10.28946/lexl.v3i1.583.

Kindangen, Henry Yoseph. “DISKRESI PENUNTUTAN DI INDONESIA DAN PERBANDINGAN DENGAN NEGARA-NEGARA EROPA.” The Prosecutor Law Review 1, no. 1 (May 10, 2023): 90–117. https://doi.org/10.64843/prolev.v1i1.5.

Latif, Aura Zahra Rizkillah Latif, Badriyah ’Izatul Isnaini, Ahmad Zidan Al Arif, and Tania Febrianti. “File:///C:/Users/REDMI/Downloads/TIP-Report-2024_Introduction_V10_508-Accessible_2.13.2025.Pdf.” Al-Zayn : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum 3, no. 2 (May 2025): 1311–20. https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i2.1331.

Levine, Murray. “An Analysis of Mutual Assistance.” American Journal of Community Psychology 16, no. 2 (April 1988): 167–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00912521.

Michel, Verónica. “Institutional Design, Prosecutorial Independence, and Accountability: Lessons from the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG).” Laws 10, no. 3 (July 2021): 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws10030058.

Nguyen, Chat Le. “Towards the Effective ASEAN Mutual Legal Assistance in Combating Money Laundering.” Journal of Money Laundering Control 15, no. 4 (October 5, 2012): 383–95. https://doi.org/10.1108/13685201211265971.

Rahmani, Nadia Putri. “Anggota DPR Minta Pemerintah Pulangkan 600 WNI Korban TPPO Kamboja - ANTARA News Jambi.” jambi.antaranews.com, 2025.

Sakelliadou, Zoi. “Addressing Health in the United Nations Legal and Policy Framework Against Trafficking in Persons.” In Health and Slavery: A Healthcare Provider’s Guide to Modern Day Slavery and Human Trafficking, edited by Alison Fiander and Jane Lasonder, 167–79. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48319-6_18.

Saragih, Jogi Talar, Yuda Lambang Aditama, and Herbin Marulak Siahaan. “Effectiveness of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in Investigating Indonesian Kidney Sale Crimes in Cambodia.” Jurnal Ius Constituendum 9, no. 3 (October 30, 2024): 495–512. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v9i3.10240.

Sasmita, Dahlia, Hadi Iskandar, and Hidayat Hidayat. “Pemenuhan Hak Restitusi Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikulsaleh 7, no. 3 (August 2024). https://doi.org/10.29103/jimfh.v7i3.16987.

Sasongko, Andy. “Roles of Public Prosecutor’s Office in Restorative Justice: A Focus on Prosecution Discontinuation Regulations.” Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 7, no. 2 (December 2023): 175–90. https://doi.org/10.30656/ajudikasi.v7i2.7377.

Siller, Nicole J. “Human Trafficking in International Law Before the Palermo Protocol.” Netherlands International Law Review 64, no. 3 (2017): 407–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40802-017-0099-9.

Sulistiani, Lies. “Problematika Hak Restitusi Korban Pada Tindak Pidana Yang Diatur KUHP Dan Di Luar KUHP.” Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 7, no. 1 (September 2022): 81–101. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v7i1.948.

Supriadi, Meutya Cahyani, and R. Eriska Ginalita Dwi Putri. “Analisis Perjanjian Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) Antara Indonesia Dan Filipina Dalam Kasus Transfer of Prisoner Mary Jane Veloso.” SERUMPUN : Journal of Education, Politic, and Social Humaniora 3, no. 2 (September 28, 2025): 106. https://doi.org/10.61590/srp.v3i2.203.

Tinambunan, Wahyu Donri, and Galih Raka Siwi. “Dinamika Kedudukan Hukum Jaksa Sebagai Pengacara Negara Pasca Undang-Undang Kejaksaan.” Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6, no. 2 (December 2022): 125–42. https://doi.org/10.30656/ajudikasi.v6i2.4586.

United States of America. “Trafficking in Persons Report 2024,” no. June (2024).

Weyembergh, Anne, and Irene Wieczorek. “Norm Diffusion as a Tool to Uphold and Promote EU Values and Interests: A Case Study on the EU Japan Mutual Legal Assistance Agreement.” New Journal of European Criminal Law 11, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 439–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/2032284420938140.

Wim Hapsoro, Hermanus. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Perempuan Dan Anak Sebagai Korban Perdagangan Manusia.” RISTEK : Jurnal Riset, Inovasi Dan Teknologi Kabupaten Batang 8, no. 1 (December 2023): 26–34. https://doi.org/10.55686/ristek.v8i1.153.

Wirawan, Made, and Dian Novikrisna. “Legal Instrument Under the �ASEAN Way�: The Case of ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons.” Indonesian Journal of International Law 22, no. 1 (September 27, 2024). https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol22.1.1726.

“World Drug Report 2022,” n.d. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/data-and-analysis/world-drug-report-2022.html.

Yanlua, Siti Zainab, Fauzia Rahawarin, and Muhammad Nasir Prawira. “Peran Dan Kewenangan Jaksa Dalam Implementasi Proses Penuntutan Di Pengadilan.” Jurnal Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam 7, no. 1 (March 2025): 14–23. https://doi.org/10.47435/al-ahkam.v7i1.3637.